Figurine Zulu Warrior Signaling 1879

Through the use of visual signals military leaders communicate with their subordinates that are out of auditory range. Simple gestures like waving an arm or hand can signal for a warrior or unit to advance, stop, take cover, or even retire. In addition to arm and hand signals, flags, smoke, light, and sometimes whistles can be used to communicate among troops as well. However, coordination of the Zulu army typically relied on the initial pre-positioning and assignments of the regiments before the advance, and the deep understanding by Zulu officers of the general attack plan. Before deploying for battle, the regiments assembled where the commanders would give final assignments and instructions.